Artist, art-writer and curator Merlin James gives a brief history of grassroots activity in Glasgow, and then shares his current favourite exhibitions in artist-run spaces (with a wee mention of my exhibition at Market Gallery!)
Glasgow is famous for artist-run spaces and grassroots initiatives 
that have been launching and sustaining careers for at least three 
decades. The classic example is Transmission gallery, born out of 
frustration at the almost total lack of exhibition opportunities in 
Scotland back then. It was established in 1983 with minimal Arts Council
 funding and empty real estate from the city council. It continues today
 as a non-profit collective with a regularly changing committee, an 
annual members' show and a program of solo and group exhibitions 
combining the local and international. Early Transmission committees 
featured many names still central to Glasgow's art world, including 
curator Malcolm Dixon (founder of the left-wing 
Variant 
magazine and now director of the photography gallery Street Level), film
 maker Doug Aubrey, theorist Billy Clark and artists Christine Borland, 
Douglas Gordon, Carol Rhodes, Claire Barclay and Richard Walker. Through
 changes of venue and fallow patches, Transmission manages periodic 
self-renewal (while clinging to paste-and-photocopy mailings that by now
 are pure nostalgia). The present committee includes Darren Rhymes, 
Emilia Muller-Ginorio and Hannes Hellström. The current show, by L.A. 
artist Jennifer Moon, mixing printed matter, installation, photography 
and archived documents, resonates with a lot of recent art in Glasgow in
 its esthetic, and its mix of the subjective and the political.
Of 
course Transmission, and Glasgow's artist-led scene in general, are not 
new news. Ten years ago now, art writer Sarah Lowndes published 
Social
 Sculpture: The Rise of the Glasgow Art Scene, based on
 her
 doctoral thesis about artists' initiatives in the city. A new edition 
(Luath Press, Edinburgh) brought the account more up to date in 2010. 
But despite the longevity of Transmission and other spaces, things 
change fast. Lowndes might soon need to write a whole new volume. Pop-up
 ventures pop up, then pop, or morph or multiply into other enterprises.
 Co-ops have become commercial galleries, either thriving, surviving or 
eventually throwing in the towel. Movers and shakers come and go. New 
generations of graduates constantly filter into the system via Glasgow 
School of Art and elsewhere (many from continental Europe, Scandinavia, 
the States, and recently a lot from Canada). Studio shows, temporary 
galleries in empty commercial premises, ad-hoc exhibitions and 
semi-informal salons in people's apartments--all these happen in amazing
 abundance here. The city's music scene, as Lowndes' book stresses, 
constitutes a sister network, with clubs, cafe-bars, rehearsal spaces 
and concert venues where visual and conceptual and performance art are 
also part of the mix. (I recently went to the Glad Cafe on the south 
side, to see artist Lucy Stein create painterly projections over the 
explosively improvised drumming of Alex Neilson and baritone sax of 
Sybren Renema.) 
Also shading into Glasgow's fine art 
milieu are cottage industries of graphic and product design and 
"alt-couture." And all this is cross-pollinated by publications, 
journals of creative and critical writing, artist's books, zines and 
ephemera of all kinds, distributed at several niche outlets across town.
 Notably there's Aye-Aye Books, run by Martin Vincent at the Centre for 
Contemporary Art, and Good Press, located next to hip record store 
Monorail (within the much-loved vegan café-bar Mono).
Bits of 
support for all this activity come from an intermittently sympathetic 
city council, and grants from the arts administration body Creative 
Scotland (formerly the Scottish Arts Council). But funding is often 
meager and the criteria for awarding it are frequently dubious. The best
 efforts rely on the energy and inventiveness of individuals and the 
proverbial shoestring budget. So venues open and close, and things 
evolve. One legendary location of recent memory is a towering Art Deco 
building just south of the Clyde known as Chateau. It was a regular gig 
of the GSA-nurtured Franz Ferdinand and other bands; home for a while to
 independent fashion house Che Camille; scene of rooftop barbecues, 
impromptu studio exhibitions, film screenings and art soirées. Until one
 night when (miraculously without human casualty) the stairwell 
collapsed. The place has been closed ever since, but its denizens forge 
on elsewhere.
A related venture in the last decade was 
Switchspace, a peripatetic exhibition program that showcased, among many
 others, Ilana Halperin, David Sherry and Mick Peters. It was run by 
artist Marianne Greated and fellow GSA graduate Sorcha Dallas. The 
latter then ran her own commercial gallery up to 2011, showing artists 
including Alex Pollard, Kate Davis, Charlie Hammond and Craig 
Mulholland. (Dallas now works on individual projects, and still 
represents veteran Glasgow artist and writer Alasdair Gray.)
Another
 outfit that at least until a couple of years ago would periodically 
resurface in various flats, railway arches and empty shop spaces was 
Washington Garcia. This gallery brought in out-of-town figures, like 
U.S. performance and video artist Kalup Linzy, offering him an edgier 
forum than, say, New Territories, the city's annual (sometimes 
pretentious and politically correct) festival of "live art." Washington 
Garcia organizer Kendall Koppe now runs a commercial gallery that is one
 of the most positive recent developments on the Glasgow art horizon.
When
 it comes to artist-run exhibition spaces happening right now in the 
city, the best I can hope to offer is brief profiles of not necessarily 
the top 10, but 10 that seem to have a current buzz. The desert of 1983 
has, in 30 years, turned into a jungle. One needs a machete of sharp 
critical judgment to cut one's way through the art shown in Glasgow in 
any given month. But here's a sketched map of the terrain.
The
 Old Hairdressers is a city-center bar that first opened for 
the 2010 Glasgow International, the city's contemporary art biennial. 
Artists Tony Swain, Raydale Dower and Rob Churm hosted a neo-Dada 
cabaret of bands, experimental music, performance and readings, with 
work by Glasgow artists ‘round the walls. Since then it's become 
established as one of the city's art-and-music bars. (The same 
proprietor runs Stereo, a music venue, pub and vegetarian cafe across 
the lane, plus Mono and The 78, in the east and west ends of town 
respectively.) For last year's GI, Rob Churm and others editioned 
Prawn's
 Pee, a daily tabloid of words and images that gradually covered 
the walls. Exhibitions and events continue, including a regular audio 
arts evening called Light Out Listening.
David Dale 
Gallery. A former technical college building in a Brooklyn-ish 
light industrial zone in the east end. A good daylit gallery space with 
studios above, run by a three-artist board. There are short artists' 
residencies, with associated shows. In the three or so years of its 
existence it has racked up around 20 exhibitions. Guest curators 
sometimes take the reins and the program is still maybe finding its 
feet. A recent show exposed Marzia Rossi's drapings, dustings and 
daubings of abject or ephemeral materials, uncomfortably close to local 
girl Karla Black (who had emerged 10 years ago through venues like 
Chateau and Switchspace). As I write, the current show brings together 
Danish artist Ditte Gantriis with French-Canadian Marie-Michelle 
Deschamps.
Market Gallery occupies a couple of 
newly built concrete-block storefronts on Duke Street, a semi-bohemian 
east end neighborhood. It has a six-strong directors board and a 
six-member 'rolling' committee--which sounds admin-heavy, but the feel 
of the place is no-frills and energetic. There are artist's film 
screenings, performances, and regular residencies. The most recent 
resident was Helen Shaddock, an installation and book artist (who runs, 
with Harald Turek, the annual Glasgow artists' book fair). Her show is 
on as I write--fragmentary compositions of sherbety color and material, 
seemingly free of (or wearing more lightly) the ideological freight of 
much Glasgow art. 
Glasgow Project Room. Established
 in 1997, the Project Room is attached to Glasgow Independent Studios, 
one of several alternatives to the biggest studio provider, WASPS 
(Workshop and Artists' Studio Provision Scotland). WASPS also has 
exhibition spaces in its various buildings, but somehow shows there 
don't seem to command the attention that the Project Room does. Quite 
established artists will propose shows here, as well as young emerging 
ones. Exhibitions are usually short--an opening night and a few days' 
run. Independent Studios and the Project Room were caught up in a recent
 city regeneration scheme that sought to refurbish and 'showcase' the 
arts ventures in the area (also including Transmission, Street Level 
Photoworks and Glasgow Print Studio). The dangers of a corporatized 
'culture hub' are obvious, but the Project Room has kept its credibility
 in the new, rather institutional space. Tom Varley recently showed 
sound work, painting, printed fabric and small collages with very long 
titles.
SWG3. Again, studios with a gallery and 
events venue attached; it's been going for around five years. West of 
the city center, it's a tall warehouse squeezed in close to the river, 
the motorway and the railway tracks (commuter trains rattle by at 
second-floor level). Craig Mulholland installed an ambitious mixed-media
 show here a year ago called 
Dust Never Settles, seeking, as 
the press release perhaps mischievously said, to 'foreground and 
heighten the corporeal effects of increasing information noise relative 
to virtual and concrete labour, within the context of indoctrination.' 
More recently Jocelyn Villemont and Camille Houezec (both from France, 
Glasgow MFA alumni) curated 
Last Chance--eight Glasgow artists 
exposing works that, for whatever reason, they had hitherto been afraid 
to show. (Note the assumption that nowadays, in Glasgow at least, if an 
artist does want to show a work, there will always be place to do so.)
Southside
 Gallery. Formerly called The Fridge, this gallery, attached to
 one of Glasgow's smaller but more active studio complexes, has 
sometimes been programmed by guest curators. Filmmaker Gregor Johnstone 
mounted a series of shows putting newer names with established ones, and
 I was honored to be one of his more 'emerged' artists, showing two 
paintings alongside a Tom Varley video and collage constructions by 
Andrew Taylor. The space then was small, but the most dazzlingly bright 
white cube imaginable. Artist Ben Walker (whose studio it also was, 
between shows) created the environment as a Robert Irwin-like minimalist
 exercise. His practice has since been moving more towards architecture 
proper, and the gallery is now in a timber polyhedric pod constructed at
 the rear of the building. The next event, with Dominic Snyder and Penny
 Chiva, promises to straddle dance and visual art.
The 
Duchy. So named because it's on Duke Street (at the city center
 end, not close to Market Gallery). This is a small two-room shop with a
 window on the street and a tiny office just big enough to serve the 
beers from at openings. It punches way above its weight in terms of 
attention. For the 2012 Glasgow International the Duchy's sprawling 
group show extended into a large space in the middle of town--a slightly
 moribund contemporary design museum called the Lighthouse. (It's a 
peculiarity of Glasgow that the lively grass-roots infrastructure 
sometimes contrasts with a lack of focus and energy in the more 
mainstream arts venues.) The Duchy often shows recent GSA graduates, but
 more senior figures will exhibit here too. Tony Swain hung work 
alongside Andrew Black at the end of last year. Ross Sinclair, veteran 
of the '90s Glasgow art boom, showed there recently (and launched an 
album). Up next is Glasgow-trained painter Zara Idleson. 
Verge.
 This place is so new it's impossible to tell what its profile 
will be. It's in a district way out west, Govan, where the last of the 
shipyards are still running. Yet again, it's a studio collective 
(Glasgow Artist Studios) that has set up the space, taking over a local 
community cafe-gallery. They've had a few shows, mostly featuring 
artists from the studios. Recently "in residence" there were four 
artists-- Gwenan Davies, Jon Thomson, John Nicol and Carla Novi--working
 together on narrative, towards an April exhibition titled "Cough ‘em if
 they can't take a joke." Davies has also been active recently with 
various collective 'home shows' under the rubric Gwenan International 
(in parody of the much vaunted Glasgow International).
Intermedia.
 This one specifically supports Glasgow-based artists, and it's funded 
by the city, giving a small grant for each show selected from open 
submissions. Founded back in 1992, it moved a few years ago from King 
Street (close to Street Level and Transmission) when that location 
started to get a civic face-lift. Now it has a space at the CCA (Centre 
for Contemporary Art) and like Aye-Aye books, also there, it's given the
 place a shot in the arm. The gallery is much smaller than the CCA's 
own, but the shows can sometimes have more urgency. A recent one was
 "21 Revolutions," celebrating the Glasgow Women's Library--another
 of the city's crucial artist-founded institutions. Coming up at 
Intermedia this spring is "Routine Investigations," a two-hander with 
the ubiquitous Mimi Deschamps along with British-Canadian painter Justin
 Stephens (both of whom until recently helped run the notable art space 
Rez de Chaussée.) 
OI-IIO. This venture 
(pronounced Ohio) by artists Rachal Bradley and Matthew Richardson has 
so far taken the form of short exhibitions at their west end apartment 
(187 Wilton Street). They are about to move it to a town center 
location. Bradley and Richardson were conspicuous among a particularly 
ambitious MFA cohort in Glasgow graduating in 2012 with a memorable 
exhibition at a cavernous space called the Glue Factory. So far projects
 at OHIO have featured, among others, Hannah Sawtell, Milly Thompson, 
Gordon Schmitt, Keith Farquhar and Lucy Stein. One aspect of the Glasgow
 scene is a certain cross-generational impulse, as opposed to a cult of 
the young, and most recently OHIO previewed, ahead of a London solo 
show, five paintings by Carol Rhodes.
This article can be found online at:
http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-opinion/news/2013-04-30/artist-run-glasgow